EPS concrete: Properties, applications and advantages

EPS concrete, also known as lightweight concrete with expanded polystyrene (EPS - Expanded Polystyrene), is an innovative building material that combines a cement matrix with expanded polystyrene balls. This combination results in concrete with reduced density, improved insulating properties and good workability. Thanks to these characteristics, EPS concrete is becoming more and more popular in the modern construction industry.

Composition of EPS concrete EPS concrete consists of:

• Cement as a binding material
• Expanded polystyrene beads that reduce density and improve insulation
• Water, necessary for cement binding
• Additives such as plasticizers, which improve the workability of concrete
• Sometimes sand or other fillers, depending on the specific application

Polystyrene balls in EPS concrete reduce its weight and improve thermal and sound insulation, making it an attractive solution for different types of construction.

Properties of EPS concrete EPS concrete has a number of characteristics that make it unique compared to conventional concrete:

• Low density: The density of EPS concrete varies from 200 to 1200 kg/m³, making it significantly lighter than standard concrete (2200-2500 kg/m³).
• Good thermal insulation: EPS concrete has low thermal conductivity (about 0.1-0.3 W/mK), which allows for reduced heating and cooling costs for buildings.
• Sound insulation: Thanks to its structure with polystyrene beads, EPS concrete reduces noise transmission, making it useful for soundproofing spaces.
• Moisture resistance: EPS concrete is not completely waterproof, but it has a lower water absorption capacity compared to standard concrete.
• Good workability: Due to its lightness, EPS concrete is easy to transport and install.
• Environmental friendliness: The possibility of recycling EPS material contributes to the reduction of construction waste.

Application of EPS concrete EPS concrete is used in various construction sectors, including:

• Thermal and sound insulation of floors and roofs: EPS concrete is often used as a light screed to improve the insulating properties of structures.
• Construction of lightweight walls and partitions: Due to its light weight and good insulating properties, EPS concrete is ideal for interior and exterior partition walls.
• Leveling surfaces: Due to its easy processing, EPS concrete is suitable for leveling uneven surfaces before installing finishing layers.
• Rehabilitation and reconstruction of buildings: EPS concrete is used in the renovation of old buildings where reducing the weight of the structure is crucial.
• Bridges and infrastructure: EPS concrete is used in construction projects where a light and insulating base is required.

Advantages and disadvantages of EPS concrete

Advantages:

• Lightweight construction reduces load on supporting elements
• Increased energy efficiency thanks to insulation properties
• Reduced transport and handling costs
• Quick and easy installation
• Possibility of application in various construction segments

Disadvantages:

• Lower compressive strength compared to conventional concrete
• Susceptibility to mechanical damage due to improper handling
• Increased use of additives may increase production costs

Conclusion EPS concrete represents an innovative solution in the construction industry thanks to its lightweight, insulating and environmentally friendly properties. Despite some limitations in terms of compressive strength, its wide application and numerous advantages make it an extremely useful material in modern construction. Given the increasing need for energy efficiency and sustainable construction solutions, EPS concrete will certainly play an important role in the future of construction.